2.1+Progressive


 * **//Progressivism Review //** Krystian M, Mitzie Martin, Sarah M, Kirsten R.

**Origins of Progressivism ** - How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?

**Directions: ** For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.

**Muckrakers ** - Upton Sinclair: He was the author of the book "The Jungle". It was a book about meat packing business. - Jacob Riis: He was a photo journalist. He wrote articles about tenement life. - Lincoln Steffens: He wrote the "Shame of the Cities." He described deals corrupt deals that characterized polictics. - Ida Tarbell: She discovered corruption among the railroad barons and her enormous and influential study of the Standard Oil trust was the most notable. It was published in magazines at first and then it was a two-volume book in 1904. - Henry Demarest Lloyd: He wrote articles that attacked the ways that the Standard Oil Company and railroads worked. - Theodore Dreiser: He wrote "The Titan." He wrote about the recklessness of industrialists.

**Political Reforms ** - Australian Secret Ballot: - Direct Primary: It was the common practice of Republicans and Democrats to nominate candidates for state and federal offices in state conventions dominated by party bosses. - Initiative: It is a method by which voters could compell the legislature to consider a bill. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Referendum: It allowed the people to vote on proposed laws printed on their ballots. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall: It allowed voters to remove corrupt politicians by vote. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">17th Amendment: It established direct election of United States senators by popular vote.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Prohibition/Temperance ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">18th Amendment: The 18th Amendment banned manufacturing, sale, and transportation of alcohol. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Frances Willard

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Women’s Suffrage ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Seneca Falls Convention: It was organized by Anthony Staton and Mott to discuss women's rights. At this event, the Declaration of Sentiments was written. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Susan B. Anthony: She was a prominent women's rights leader. She also helped to organize the Seneca Falls Convention. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Alice Paul: She was the head of the militant national women's party. She believed women needed more than an amendment to the Constitution; something that would provide clear legal protection for their rights. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Carrie Chapman Catt: She was a journalist from Iowa, and was a leader of the National American Woman. Suffrage Assosiation. Membership grew from 13,000(1893) to over 2 million(1917) - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAWSA: (National American Woman Suffrage Association) was founded in 1869 which pursued women's rights to vote. It was the most visible pro-suffrage group. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">19th Amendment: In 1920, this amendment guarenteed political rights to women throughout the nation.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">African Americans ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Booker T. Washington: He was the founder and president of Tuskegge Institue in Alabama. he was committed to education; his stance was that it was very important for blacks to be educated. Also self imporvement. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">W.E.B. DuBois: He was a prominent civil rights activist who fought for equal rights for African Americans. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAACP: It was created by DuBois and other members of the Niagara and a group of white progressives. Their mission was to abolish all forms of segregationa and increase the educational opportunities for African American children. It was the nation's largest civil rights organization. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Atlanta Exposition: It was a speech by Booker T. Washington. In it, he argued that blacks' needs for education and economic progress was the foremost importance and they should concentrate on learning industrial skills for better wages.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Square Deal: It was Roosevelt's way of improving the government. He threatened the coal mine owners which causes them to agree to ten percent wage increase and a nine hour day for workers. He also busted huge trusts, like Standard Oil. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Northern Securities Company: It was a four million dollar enterprise pieced together by J. P. Morgan, E.H Harriman, and James J. Hill. It was a great new railroad monopoly in the Northwest that Roosevelt tried to break up. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Elkins Act: It gives the Interstate Commerce Commission more power. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Hepburn Act: It allowed the fixing of rates for railroads. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Pure Food and Drug Act: It forbade the manufacturing, sale, and transportation of adulterated or mislabeled food and drugs. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest Reserve Act: In 1891, Roosevelt enforced this act which set aside 150 million acres of federal land as a national reserve that could not be sold to private interests. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Newlands Reclamation Act: In 1902, Roosevelt won passage of this act which was a law providing money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects and Western states.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">16th Amendment: The 16th Amendment allowed the government to create an income tax. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Mann-Elkins Act: In 1910, this act gave the Interstate Commerce Commission the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Payne-Aldrich Act

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Election of 1912: Wilson defeated Roosevelt and Taft. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Underwood Tariff: Wilson went to Congress and expressed the need for lower tariff rights to bring consumer prices down. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Federal Reserve Act: It created twelve regional banks which would be owned and controlled by individual banks of the districts. They would hold a certain percentage of the assets and support loans to private banks at an interest. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Clayton Anti-Trust Act: It strenghthened the provisions in the Sherman Anti-Trust Act for breaking up monopolies. It also contained a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Child Labor Act: It prohibited the shipment of goods that were produced by under age children across state lines.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Other ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Eugene V. Debs - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Jane Addams: She opened the Hull House in 1889 in Chicago. It helped immigrant families with adapting to the customs of the new country. ||  ||