5.4+Progressive


 * //Progressivism Review //**

**Origins of Progressivism ** - How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?

**Directions: ** For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.

**Muckrakers ** - Upton Sinclair - He was the author of __The Jungle__; undercover journalist; worked to expose unsanitary conditions of the meat factory. Thus, inspiring the food and drug act. - Jacob Riis - He wrote __How the Other Half Lives__, talked about how the poor lived and compared them to the wealthy. - Lincoln Steffens - He wrote __The Shame of the Cities__ to expose the corruption of the political bosses/machines. - Ida Tarbell - She was an investigative journalist and worked against the oil industries. She single-handedly tried to take it down because her father was fired from his job. She wrote __The History of the Standard Oil Company__ - Henry Demarest Lloyd - He wrote articles for the Atlantic Monthly about the Standard Oil Company and the Railroads - Theodore Dreiser -He wrote __The Financier__ and __The Titan__ to portray the ruthlessness of the industrialists.

**Political Reforms ** - Australian Secret Ballot - Voters printed their votes in a private booth. - Direct Primary - The voters could vote for people who are going to run to be able to directly elect senators into the house instead of the legislature. - Initiative - Voters could compel the legislature to consider a bill. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Referendum - Citizens could vote on proposed laws printed on their ballot. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall - Voters could remove a corrupt or unsatifactory politician from office by majority vote - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">17th Amendment - Senators are required to be elected by popular vote.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Prohibition/Temperance ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">18th Amendment - Alcohol was completely banned. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Frances Willard - She was a woman suffragist and was in favor of banning alcohol.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Women’s Suffrage ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Seneca Falls Convention - Men and women met up to discuss the issues on women's suffrage and rights to vote. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Susan B. Anthony - She was one of the most prominent suffragists and she reimbersed the continued efforts for women's rights - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Alice Paul - She formed the National Woman's Party. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Carrie Chapman Catt - She was the president of the NAWSA. She tried to get women to activly care for families in the industrial age. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAWSA - National American Women's Suffrage Assosiaion - It was a program for women in the suffrage era that wanted more rights. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">19th Amendment - This amendment gaurenteed women's right to vote at the local, state, and national level.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">African Americans ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Booker T. Washington - He argued that blacks needed education and economic progress. He stressed learning about industrial skills. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">W.E.B. DuBois - He believed that social and politcal were a prerequisite for economic independence. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAACP - (Nation Association for the Advancement of Colored People) They wanted to abolish all forms of segregation and increase opportunities for education for all African American children. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Atlanta Exposition - Booker T. Washington made a speech there for a prominently white audience in 1895. It has been recognized as one of the most important and influential speeches in American history.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Square Deal - Neither business nor labor was favored. Conservatoin of national resources, consumer protection, and control of corporations were domestic programs formed to help middle classes. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Northern Securities Company -It was a combination of railroads. It was a trust that Roosevelt wanted to stop. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Elkins Act - 1903, the ICC had the authority to stop from granting rebates to favored customers. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Hepburn Act - 1906, the ICC could fix just and reasonable rates for the railroads. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Pure Food and Drug Act - It forbade the manufacture, sale, and transportation of mislabeled foods and drugs. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest Reserve Act - It saved 150 million acres were set aside for a nation reserve that could not be sold to private interest. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Newlands Reclamation Act - It was a law providing money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects in western states.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">16th Amendment - It was ratified by the states in 1913. It authorized the U.S. government to collect income tax. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Mann-Elkins Act - It gave the ICC power to suspend new railroad rates, and oversea telephone, telegraph, and cable companies. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Payne-Aldrich Act - Taft raised the Tariff on most imports.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Election of 1912 - Wilson was a Democrat that was elected as president. The Republicans nominated Taft, the Socialist Party nominated Eugene Debs, and the Progressive-Republicans nominated Roosevelt. Chafin was a Prohibitionist candidate, and Reimer was a Socialist Labor candidate. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Underwood Tariff - 1913, it lowered the tariff substantially for the first time in over 50 years. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Federal Reserve Act - 1914, Congress purchased American goods and services using federal reserve notes or dollar bills, making it the federally regulated banking system. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Clayton Anti-Trust Act - It strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. It also exempted unions from being prosecuted as trusts. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Child Labor Act - It prohibited shipment in interstate commerce of products manufactured by children under the age of 14.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Other ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Eugene V. Debs - He was a founder of the Socialist Party and was an outspoken critic of business and a champion of labor. He was the party's candidate for 5 elections. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Jane Addams - She was the first woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize. She founded the Hull House and was a public philosopher and a woman suffragist.