5.3+Progressive


 * //Progressivism Review //**

**Origins of Progressivism ** - How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?

**Directions: ** For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.

**Muckrakers ** - Upton Sinclair -He wrote articles exposing the meat packaging industry, stating that there was bacteria in the meat. - Jacob Riis - One of the firtst photojournalist and he published "How the Other Half Lives", about tenement life. ==== - Lincoln Steffens  - He had articles in MCclures Magazine, his article was called "Tweed Days in St. Louis", it was a mauckraking article.==== ==== - Ida Tarbell - She was a teacher, author, and journalist. She wrote many magazine articles and biographies, and the first person to take on standard oil. ==== ==== - Henry Demarest Lloyd - He was one of the early Chicago reporters, and wrote "Wealth Against Common Wealth", that exposed the corruption and greed of the monopolies. It attacked the practices of standard oil nd railroad companies. ====  - Theodore Dreiser - He was an American novelist/journalist who wrote "The Financier" and "The Titan". He portrayed the ruthlessness of industrialists in his novels.

**Political Reforms ** - Australian Secret Ballot - Political parties could manipulate and intimidate voters by printing lists of party candidates and watching voters drop them into the ballot box on election day. - Direct Primary- A new system for bypassing politicians and placing the nominating process directly into the hands of voters. This took place between the democrates and republicans. - Initiative - A method by which voters could compell the legislature to consider a bill. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Referendum- A method that allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws printed on their ballots. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall - Enabled voters to remove a corrupt or unsatisfactory politician from office by majority vote before that officials term had expired. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">17th Amendment-Established direct election of united States senates by popular vote. It was adopted on April 8th 1913.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Prohibition/Temperance ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">18th Amendment - prohibition, denied people the right of buying alcohol. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Frances Willard - An american reformer, temprance reformer and womens suffragist.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Women’s Suffrage ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Seneca Falls Convention - early influential womens rights convention. They put the declarations of sentiments and a list of revolutiuons in place. Took place in July 1848. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Susan B. Anthony- Womens rights activist, who was apart of getting the 19th amendment passed. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Alice Paul - The leader of all the womens sufferagist strikes. Wnated to win the support of congress for the 19th amendment. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Carrie Chapman Catt - Reformer from iowa who was the new president of national American Women Sufferage Association. Won more womens rights. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAWSA -NAtional American Womens Sufferage Association looking for more womens rights. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">19th Amendment - Allowed women to vote for any election in the United States.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">African Americans ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Booker T. Washington-Influential African American leader who was the head of the Tuskegee institute in Alabama. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">W.E.B. DuBois -African American leader who was a distinguished scholar and writer who wrote the book, "The souls of Black People". He wanted equal rights for blacks. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAACP-NAtional Association for the advancement of colored people. They wanted to abolish segregation and increase education opportunities. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Atlanta Exposition -it was the speech by Booker T Washington, he wanted the blacks to have equal education rights.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Square Deal - A special commission which granted a ten percent wage increase and a nine hour day to minors. It was overwhelmingly approved by voters. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Northern Securities Company -A combination of railroads that wanted to be busted by trusts breaking up railroad monopolies. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Elkins Act - Gave greater authority to the icc to stop corruption in railroads. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Hepburn Act - The united States federal law that gave the ICC the power to set maximum railroad rates. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Pure Food and Drug Act -The act forbaid the manufactorer sale and transportation of an adulterated more mislabeled food and drugs. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest Reserve Act - 1891 it set aside 150 million acres of federal land as a national reserve that couldnt be sold to private interests. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Newlands Reclamation Act- It funded arigation projects for the Arid lands of 20 states in the american west.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">16th Amendment - Allowed congress to levy an income tax without apopointing it among the states or basing it on census results. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Mann-Elkins Act -Gave the ICC the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Payne-Aldrich Act - 1909 it raised the tariff on most imports instead of lowering it, and Taft asked them to sign it by making a public statement in its defense, angering people.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Election of 1912 - Roosevelt, Taft, Wilsoin and Debs were running. Wislon ran with 435 electoral votes which caused the democrates to gain control of congress. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Underwood Tariff - Reemposed the federal income tax after the 16th amendmetn adn lowered the tafiff from 4o to 25percent signed by wilson. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Federal Reserve Act -Americans purchased goods and services using the federal reserve notes issued by federally regulated banking systems. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Clayton Anti-Trust Act -Strengthened Sherman Anti Trust act by breaking up monopolies. It organized labor and exempt unions from being prosecuted as trusts. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Child Labor Act - Prohibited the shipment of any product manufactored by children under the age of 14. In 1918 in the case of Hammer v. Dagenhart the supreme court found it unconstitutional.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Other ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Eugene V. Debs -One of the founding members of the international labor union and several times candidate of the social party for president. Eventually became one of the best known socialist. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Jane Addams - She thought trhey needed poltical support in state legislatures for meeting the needs of immigrants and the working class. She was a socialist.