3.4+Progressive


 * //Progressivism Review //**

**Origins of Progressivism ** - How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?

**Directions: ** For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.

**Muckrakers ** - Upton Sinclair - Wrote //The Jungle// which exposed the corruption and health violations of the meat packing industry. - Jacob Riis - Wrote //How the Other Half Lives// and opposed the living conditions. - Lincoln Steffens - wrote a series of muckraking articles (Tweed Days in St. Louis, 1902). - Ida Tarbell - wrote a series is Mcclure's magazine (The History of Standard Oil). - Henry Demarest Lloyd - Chicago reporter, one of the first muckrakers, who attacked Standard Oil through newspaper atricles - Theodore Dreiser - 2 novels, //The Financer// and //The Titan// which portrayed the life of an indultrialist

**Political Reforms ** - Australian Secret Ballot-Political parties manipulated voters by printing lists of candidates. - Direct Primary -This is when party candidates were nominated by majority vote. - Initiative-gave voters the right to compel legislative in order to consider a bill. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Referendum-allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws printed - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall-enabled voters to remove corrupt politicians from office. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">17th Amendment-there are two senators from each state and they are elected by popular vote of the people. They are in office for six years and each person shall have one vote.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Prohibition/Temperance ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">18th Amendment - banned the sale and distribution of alcohol - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Frances Willard - founder and leader of Women's Christian Temperence Union

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Women’s Suffrage ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Seneca Falls Convention - women's rights convention - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Susan B. Anthony - prominant women's sufferage supporter - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Alice Paul-Led a sucessful campaign in the support for womens suffrage, which resulted in the passage of the nineteenth ammendment in the Constitution in 1920. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Carrie Chapman Catt - president of NAWSA in 1900 - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAWSA - organization of women's rights - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">19th Amendment - gave women the right to vote in 1920

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">African Americans ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Booker T. Washington-African American educator who argued that blacks need for education and economic progress are of foremost importance and only once this is achieved they can be equal to whites. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">W.E.B. DuBois-stressed on civil rights; scholar, writer, and founder of the NAACP. He criticized Booker's approach to African Americans equal rights and demanded equal rights right away. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAACP - organization that tried to abolish all forms of segregation and increase African American educational opportunities - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Atlanta Exposition-Booker T. Washington gained a nationwide network of supporters in many black communities with black ministers, educators, and business men as his core supporters.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Square Deal-Roosevelt favored neither buisness or labor; called the owners for a special comission in 1902. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Northern Securities Company-This is when Roosevelt broke up the railroad monopoly in 1904. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Elkins Act- Imposed heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates and upon the shippers who accepted these rebates. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Hepburn Act-1906, gave the (ICC) the power to set maximum railroad rates. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Pure Food and Drug Act-Forbade manufactured, sale, and transportation of drugs and mislabeled food. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest Reserve Act- allowed the President to set aside forest reserves from the land in the public domain. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Newlands Reclamation Act funded irrigation projects for the arid lands od 20 states in the west. The land would be sold and money would be put aside into a revolving fund that supported more such projects.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">16th Amendment-Authorized the U.S. government to collect income tax. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Mann-Elkins Act-In 1910, it gave the Interstate Commerce Commission to suspend railroad rates and oversee telephone companies. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Payne-Aldrich Act- Raised tariff on most imports in 1909.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Election of 1912- Candidates were Wilson and Taft ; Wilson won with 435 electoral votes. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Underwood Tariff-Lowered taxes for the first time in 50 years. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Federal Reserve Act-National banking system with twelve diastrict banks and gave us the use of the dollar bill. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Clayton Anti-Trust Act-Strengthened provisions in the Sherman Anti-trust act for breaking up monopolies. - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Child Labor Act-Stopped shipment of products made by children under the age of 14.

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Other ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Eugene V. Debs-He ran for president in 5 elections; outspoken critic of business and a "champion of labor". - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Jane Addams-She is a social reformist who served as Vice President of the NWSA and served as president for the Womens International League for Peace and Freedom and founder of the ACLU. She is a noble peace prize winner.