Group+7.3



Andrew Carnegie Mel Mulcay

[]

-He was a philantrophist; meaning that he was concerend for human welfare and advancement. -donated lots of money toward libraries and education -Scottish, came to America at 13 in 1848. -founded his own steel manufacturing company, the Keystone Bridge Company of Pittsburgh, which grew into America's largest steel and iron manufacturer, the Carnegie Steel Company -married Louise Whitfield in 1887 -famous article he wrote in 1899, "The Gospel of Wealth." His article expressed his opinion that donations should be made during the life of the donor. ** Carnegie ** had established standards and routine procedures to handle all requests efficiently -late 1900 ** Carnegie ** Institute of Technology in Pittsburgh. -It has been estimated that 80 percent of his fortune went for educational purposes: libraries, colleges and universities, institutions to promote scientific research and the diffusion of knowledge, and individual grants and pensions to college teachers. -“That is Mr. Rockefeller’s specialty.”

Graybar, Lloyd J. "Andrew Carnegie." //Great Lives from History: The Nineteenth Century//, Expanded rev. ed. Salem Press, 2007. Salem History. Salem Press. 11 Feb 2010 <[]>.

"Carnegie, Andrew 1835-1919." //American Decades//. Ed. Judith S. Baughman, et al. Vol. 1: 1900-1909. Detroit: Gale, 2001. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 12 Feb. 2010.

Lopez-Lazaro, Fabio. "Carnegie, Andrew (1835–1919)." //Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Sharpe Online Reference// (2010): n. pag. Web. 11 Feb. 2010 <[]>.

Jacob Riis Crystal Davis · ** Jacob Riis **, the third of fifteen children · worked as a carpenter in Copenhagen before emigrating to the United States in 1870 · Unable to find work, he was often forced to spend the night in police station lodging houses · did a variety of menial jobs before finding work with a news bureau in [|New York] in 1873 · 1877 Riis became a police reporter for the // New York Tribune // o determined to use this opportunity to employ his journalistic skills to communicate this to the public o "poor were the victims rather than the makers of their fate" · 1888 Riis was employed as a photo-journalist by the // New York Evening Sun // o among the first photographers to use flash powder, which enabled him to photograph interiors and exteriors of the slums at night · December, 1889, an account of city life, illustrated by photographs, appeared in //[|Scribner's Magazine]// o 1890 a full-length version, // How the Other Half Lives //, was published o seen by [|Theodore Roosevelt], the [|New York] Police Commissioner, and he had the city police lodging houses that were featured in the book closed down · observer noted that "his viewers moaned, shuddered, fainted and even talked to the photographs he projected, reacting to the slides not as images but as a virtual reality that transported the new York slum world directly into the lecture hall." · wrote over a dozen books · He used his pen and was a pioneer in photo journalism, using his own photography to fully illustrate his documentaries to indict the slums and tenements of a New York in the dawn of a new century. He visited stench-ridden tenements on hot summer nights when they were at their worst. Ahead of his time, he was one of the best investigative reporters this city ever produced. · "Life, liberty, pursuit of happiness? Wind! says the slum, and the slum is right if we let it be. We cannot get rid of the tenements that shelter two million souls in New York today," said Riis in the **//Making of An American//**, "but we can set about making them at least as nearly fit to harbor human souls as might be." o Both men shared a conviction that slums and freedom lacked compatibility., Theodore Roosevelt "Jacob Riis." //Spartacus Educational - Home Page//. Web. 23 Feb. 2010. .

"Jacob Riis." //Masters of Photography//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010. .

Shafer, Leah R. "In The Slums (1890, by Jacob Riis)." //Dictionary of American History//. Ed. Stanley I. Kutler. 3rd ed. Vol. 9. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2003. 351-353. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010.

"Riis, Jacob (1848-1914)." //American Eras//. Vol. 8: Development of the Industrial United States, 1878-1899. Detroit: Gale, 1997. 144. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 22 Feb. 2010.

Sarah Menta
 * W.E.B. DuBois**

· helped found the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and became a leader in the worldwide Pan-African movement. · espoused the “Talented Tenth” concept of an educated black elite that would take the lead in uplifting the entire race · believed that the methods and concepts of social science research could solve racial discord. · mild discrimination he endured transposed his good-natured personality, and he became sullen and withdrawn. o More overt discrimination later in life exacerbated that tendency. · bachelor's degree in 1890, a master's in 1891, and a doctorate in 1895 (first african american to do so) · // Suppression of the African Slave Trade, // (doctoral dissertation) published in 1896. · wrote //The Souls of Black Folk// (1903) -“the Problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line” and “the strange meaning of being black here in the dawning of the Twentieth Century.” · apart of formation of the Niagara Movement in 1905. militant, neo-abolitionist movement failed due to financial problems, white racism, and Washington's machinations, it laid the groundwork for the establishment of the NAACP in 1909. o received alot of good support from Northern black leaders and white racial liberals, especially in response to the Springfield, Illinois, race riot of the previous year. · editor-in-chief of //The Crisis,// the official magazine of the NAACP, from 1910 to 1934. o //The Crisis// increased from 10,000 copies in 1909 to 100,000 by 1919 · angered many colleagues by supporting war effort and downplaying discrimination against African Americans in both military and civilian life. · represented the NAACP at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919 o gradually shifted his focus to Africa and a critique of European imperialism. o organized the first four Pan-African Congresses, which met between 1919 and 1927. · 1933, he left the NAACP, joined the radical American Labor Party. returned to Atlanta University as head of the sociology department from 1934 to 1944, · wrote //Black Reconstruction// in 1935 and his autobiography //Dusk of Dawn// in 1940. · wrote : //The Philadelphia Negro// (1899), //John Brown// (1909), and //Black Reconstruction// (1935) //Quest of the Silver Fleece// (1911). · lamed US for world's problems. o chairman of the Peace Information Center. § demanded atomic weapons be outlawed. § Department of Justice ordered Du Bois to register as an agent of a foreign principal, he refused and consequently was indicted- harrassed by the federal government for the remainder of his life. § In China, he publicly charged that his country had always considered him only a “nigger.” · moved to Ghana, joined Communist Party. President Kwame Nkruma, who asked him to be director of the government-sponsored //Encyclopedia Africana// · died in 1963 in Accra, Ghana, on the eve of the fateful March on Washington in his native country.

Peake, Thomas. "W. E. B. Du Bois." //Salem Press//. Pasadena : Salem Press, 2010. Web. .

Richardson, Annette. "Du Bois, W.E.B. (1868-1963)." //Sharpe//. ME Sharpe Inc, 2010. Web. [].

"The Talented Tenth (W. E. B. Du Bois, 1903)." //Encyclopedia of African-American Culture and History//. Ed. Colin A. Palmer. 2nd ed. Vol. 6. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2006. 2445-2448. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 12 Feb. 2010.

Emilia Pisarski - Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton organized the Woman’s State Temperance Society of New York - in 1860, the New York legislature gave guardian rights and property to married women, after Anthony collected petitions for five years - other feminists included Sarah Grimk and Lucretia Coffin Mott - World Anti-Slavery Conference in London in 1840 compared slaves' and women's lack of freedom - the Women's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls, NY officially began the women's rights movement, 68 women and 32 men signed the Declaration of Sentiments - in 1866, Stanton and Anthony established the American Equal Rights Association (open to white and African American women - universal suffrage) - in 1868, the //Revolution//, a newspaper was established by Anthony and supporters - in 1869, Stanton and Anthony founded the National Women Suffrage Association - in 1872, Anthony and many others were arrested in Rochester for violating the 15th amendment, by voting in the presidential election - in 1878, Anthony began to write the "Anthony Amendment". it was modeled on the 15th amendment - Senator Aaron A. Sargent from California introduced it to Congress, it was declined, but supporters of the amendement reintroduced it at every session of Congress - in 1890, the NWSA and the AWSA merged into the National American Women Suffrage Association - important turning point - new organizations began to emerge: the Women's Christian Temperance Union (1878), the National Council of Jewish Women (1893), the National Association of Colored Women (1896), the Women's Trade Union League (1903) - in 1892, Anthony became the president of the National American Women Suffrage Association, after Stanton - Anthony was born to Quaker parents, both parents and sisters signed the Declaration of Sentiments at Seneca Falls - Anthony and supporters were allies with the abolitionist movement and the Republican Party - on August 18, 1920 the 19th amendment became law - in 1923, Alice Paul introduced the Equal Rights Amendment, Paul Amendment - equal rights could not be limited because of gender
 * Susan B. Anthony**

Anthony, Susan B. "Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: The Full Text." //Milestone Documents in American History//, 1st ed. Schlager Group, 2008. Salem History. Salem Press. 23 Feb 2010 []

Bilhartz, Terry D. "Susan B. Anthony." //Great Lives from History: The Nineteenth Century//, Expanded rev. ed. Salem Press, 2007. Salem History. Salem Press. 16 Feb 2010 []

Neumann, Caryn E. "Anthony, Susan B." //Encyclopedia of the Guilded Age and Progressive Era//. Vol. 1. Armonk: M.E. Sharpe,, 2005. 190-91. Print.

Pallante, Martha. "Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Document Analysis." //Milestone Documents in American History//, 1st ed. Schlager Group, 2008. Salem History. Salem Press. 16 Feb 2010 []

=Theodore Roosevelt= taylor dempsey []
 * with his "Square Deal" he gave arbitration to both employers and laborers (United Mine Workers) in the anthracite coal strike
 * Roosevelt was known as the "trust buster" for taking down consolidations such as the Northern Securities Company
 * Roosevelt was a rancher in the Dakota Badlands where he captured outlaws
 * Roosevelt was a NYC police commissioner and he rallied against crime and vice
 * he wanted the national goverment to be a regulatory force in business
 * Roosevelt was most prominently involved in conservation and he and Gifford Pinchot added millions of acres of federal land to national parks
 * Roosevelt strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, allowing them to inspect the records of the railroad businesses
 * helped enact the Pure Food and Drug Act as well as the Meat Inspection Act
 * Roosevelt wanted to attact corruption and also advance economic and politcal reform
 * Roosevelt started to building of the Panama Canal in 1902
 * throughout seven years 194 acres of federal land were closed to commercial development
 * Roosevelt approved the Newlands Act (1903) =saved western wildlife
 * created the first federal wildlife refuge at Pelican Island, Florida protecting egrets who were threatened with extinction by hunters and by 1909 there were another 50 refuges established by him and they formed a basis for a federal wildlife protection program
 * Roosevelt said the depletion of natural resources was "the weightiest problem before the nation"
 * a conservation conference was held in Washington in May 1908, called by the Inland Waterways Commission, and being the first of its kind it added greatly to the prestige of the movement
 * as a result, conservative commissions were created in thirty six states and also a National Conservation Commission had been set up for the water, mineral, land, and forset resources of the nation
 * Roosevelt felt that trusts were good and inevitable but the government could "regulate and control them by levees"
 * "of all the forms of tyranny the least attractive and the most vulgar is the tyranny of mere wealth"

, . "The Gilded Age and Progressive Era: 1877–1919." //Encyclopedia of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era. Sharpe Online Reference// (2010): n. pag. Web. 24 Feb. 2010 .

Gould, Lewis L., and Rex O. Mooney. "Theodore Roosevelt Becomes U.S. President." //Great Events from History: The Twentieth Century, 1901-1940//, 1st ed. Salem Press, 2007. Salem History. Salem Press. 24 Feb 2010 <[]>

"Roosevelt, Theodore." //West's Encyclopedia of American Law//. Ed. Shirelle Phelps and Jeffrey Lehman. 2nd ed. Vol. 8. Detroit: Gale, 2005. 397-400. //Gale Virtual Reference Library//. Web. 24 Feb. 2010.


 * hey guys dont forget to talk about other people in your reformers in ur reform.. feel free to add stuff anywhere you feel needed.. and to practice what you are saying so we sound like we know what we are doing.**

when you put this in a word doc make sure to make it times new roman 12 Taylor Dempsey, Sarah Menta, Mel Mulcahy, Crystal Davis, Emilia Pisarski
 * || Theodore Roosevelt, W.E.B. Du Bois, Andrew Carnegie, Jacob Riis, Susan B. Anthony

Progressive Era Dialogue: Retirement Home

Roosevelt: Remember the good ole days Riis?

Riis: I remember them just like yesterday, they’re hard to forget. I definitely don’t regret spending my life to make change, even being in this home is a benefit of a life's work.

Roosevelt: Ha, yeah. I remember the tour you took me on of New York, when you showed me the worst crime and poverty consumed parts.

Riis: You ended up spending $10,000 for new shelters and even got the horrific police lodgings closed.

Roosevelt: That’s right, and I got a park to be constructed there while you were busy raking up muck.

Riis: My journalism career was the most important part of the Progressive Era, if the muckrakers didn’t exploit the corruption, nothing would have gotten done.

Roosevelt: Well, I guess that was important but nothing would have mattered without action and legislation. I strengthened the Interstate Commerce Commission, approved the Newlands Act, and transferred hundreds of acres of land into national parks.

Anthony: You’re right, you had to take action to make any progress. Elizabeth and I got out there with the Seneca Falls Convention and my newspaper the //Revolution//.

Du Bois: Action is definitely the way to go, my people got out there when we launched our Niagara Movement which led to the NAACP.

Roosevelt: We knew how to get things done, with my presidency I passed laws and with your activism you made lots of progress.

Anthony: When I petitioned for five years, I got New York to give us property and guardian rights. Without that hard work women wouldn’t have the chance to vote this day in age.

Riis: You guys would have had nothing to do without my exploits. The people had to know about the horrible living conditions and slums. “P oor were the victims rather than the makers of their fate.”

Roosevelt: I remember those terrible slums; nasty, putrid places they were. But without my enacting of the Pure Food and Drug Act, the poor would have been even worse off. Holding office was the only way to really get things done.

Riis: “To represent is not my business. To write is; I can do it much better and back up the other” half that don’t have a voice.

Du Bois: The real way to make progress was to get a good education and spread awareness. Without that nobody values what you have to say.

Carnegie: Education was and still is very important, that’s where 80% of my fortune went: libraries, schools, and everything.

Du Bois: I went to college at Fisk and Harvard. Us, African Americans, had to get full education if we expected anything with all the prejudice. Without any education, nobody would think us worth their time or even take us seriously.

Anthony: I supported abolition; blacks were treated much worse than the woman fighting for suffrage.

Carnegie: “We..." couldn't "...afford to lose the Negro. We," had "urgent need of all and of more. Let us therefore turn our efforts to making the best of him.” I helped create the Louisville Western Branch Library for African-Americans with my financial support.

Du Bois: Although your support helped us, I wish white society would have been less prejudice and stopped the injustices to my race considering some of us were able to get very high educations.

Roosevelt: You did donate lots of money but "of all the forms of tyranny the least attractive and the most vulgar is the tyranny of mere wealth". You didn’t help laborers out much, especially when you decided to repeatedly cut wages at your Homestead plant.

Carnegie: What I did with my business, when it was mine, was best for the industry. I did my fair share in return, like all wealthy should've.

Anthony: Men in those days were so rude, they put down everybody. Laborers, blacks, us women; we had no rights. That’s why we had to fight so hard and that’s why nobody would listen to us at first.

Du Bois: The African Americans of the time had to fight even harder. I was able, however, with the help of my supporters, to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and actually edited //Crisis//, the groups monthly magazine.

Anthony: I know the feeling. Stanton and I formed many associations to get our message across like the Woman’s State Temperance Society and the National Women Suffrage Association.

Riis: You guys were definitely on the right track. The only way to have gotten anything done was to let everybody know how badly you were being treated and let your oppressed position be known. That’s why I took my photographs and published // How the Other Half Lives // . (show PowerPoint and pictures)

Carnegie: Those pictures were bloody terrible. I have to say, I'm happy where I lived in the manor, but those are awful. Poor lads.

Riis: Not all of could get rich, Andrew.

Du Bois: That is how it was only you had to reach out from your lowly position so that the people around wouldn’t be able to put you down any more. “The problem of the Twentieth Century is the problem of the color-line”, getting an education and making sure there was no reason for a line was the way to go.

Roosevelt: I agree. Blacks were treated wrong. As governor of New York, I pushed the desegregation bill and was against black lynching in the south and spoke of this in my 1902 Memorial Day speech.

Anthony: I also was on your side, I established the American Equal Rights Association, open to black and white women wanting suffrage.

Carnegie: You all did good things, but the best thing to do was what I talked about in my “Gospel of Wealth”. You had to use your wealth to enrich society rather than drain it away on those who were poor.

Anthony: People did need the tools to help themselves, that’s why women needed the right to vote to get their opinions out. Women’s Suffrage was the most important in the Progressive Era, without my movement we probably wouldn’t have all the influential and scholarly females in society that we do today.

Roosevelt: I was a supporter of almost all reform movements, from labor rights to bettering the health of society and especially regulating corporations and trusts. But the most important reform was conservation. Without putting the vast amount of lands I put into national parks so much of our country would have been wasted and destroyed. If I never set up the federal wildlife refuge at Pelican Island those egrets threatened by extinction could have died off.

Riis: I understand what you’re all saying but at the core of everything exposing the horrible living conditions was the most important. The majority of the country was living in hell and without my muckraking nobody would have cared.

Carnegie: Aye, but those people who were poor lived in those conditions because of their own inadequacy; there really was no need for what you did.

Roosevelt: Conserving the environment and recognizing we had to stop depleting our resources was "the weightiest problem before the nation" Muir was another die-hard naturalist who agreed with that, he also helped a lot with that very important crisis.

Riis: Muckrakers were no doubt about it the most important though. I exposed bad living conditions and others did more like Ida Tarbell exposing Standard Oil. Without muckrakers nobody would have even known where to start.

Du Bois: Out of everything I think that African American’s receiving equal rights was the most important. There have been so many people of black descent that have contributed lots to our world, without my starting of the movement blacks may have never been equal.

Anthony: I agree. Getting equal rights was the most important. Blacks and females alike were oppressed and what kind of society do we have if all our people aren’t equal?

Carnegie: Well maybe some people just weren’t equal; some people should be treated lowly because they are lowly. Being in industry and making sure you do well for yourself was the best way to go. Everything is up to each person individually.

Anthony: Well what if you can't do what you want to do and become the person you want to be? That doesn't mean that people that are powerless and don't have a lot of money should be treated like dirt! Everyone deserves to be treated fairly and that's why I've been fighting for women's rights.

Du Bois: I agree, African Americans didn't have a chance to become rich and famous like many whites after being freed from slavery. Whites never gave African Americans a fair chance! Luckily in this era, blacks have gotten to that point where they can do anything they set their mind to.

Anthony: That's all I wanted for women to have, a fair chance to become whoever they wanted to be. That is why I started to write a new amendment focusing on women's rights and I was very proud to learn that it was known as the "Anthony Amendment" after it became part of the law in 1920.

Roosevelt: Well it’s pretty clear we’ll never agree but I think we all did our part. “Far and away the best prize that life offers is the chance to work hard at work worth doing”. It took the combination of all of us to help make society better as a whole. Now look where we are today; retired and enjoying life and all the progress we made to help our country!

Anthony: Well, "failure is impossible" because anything can be accomplished if you work hard enough to prove it's worth it. 
 * Mel: I changed a few things to make it sound more like a regular conversation. I added a line or two with Carnegie, since he had the least.** ||