2.4+Progressive


 * //Progressivism Review //**

**Origins of Progressivism ** - How was Populism a forerunner to Progressivism?

**Directions: ** For all of the following people, laws, etc. – provide a 1-2 sentence description/explanation that identifies the importance of the term.

**Muckrakers **

- Upton Sinclair- Wrote the "Jungle" about how disgusting a Chicago meat packing industry was; Famous american novelist also known for his novels "Oil!" and "Boston" - Jacob Riis- One of the first photojournalists; Published novel "How the Other Half Lives" about the harsh living conditions in the city - Lincoln Steffens- American journalist that wrote "The Shame of the Cities" about corrupt politics; Joined forces with other muckrakers to create radical American Magazine - Ida Tarbell- Influential muckraker that studied Standard Oil trusts; Criticized the monopoly of Rockefeller's oil company - Henry Demarest Lloyd- Wrote the Chicago Tribune in efforts of ridding child labor; His efforts eventually led to the Child Labor Act of 1916; Strong supporter of Women's suffarage - Theodore Dreiser-

**Political Reforms ** - Australian Secret Ballot- Voters mark their choices secretly within the privacy of a curtained booth; rather than how the political parties used to manipulate the ballots by intimidating voters - Direct Primary- Robert La Follette introduced in Wisconsin; Voters nominated candidates by majority vote - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Initiative- Voters could compel legislature to consider a bill - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Referendum- Allowed citizens to vote on proposed laws on their voting ballots - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Recall- Voters could remove a corrupt politician from office by majority vote before there elected term was over - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">17th Amendment- This amendment made it so that all U.S. senators would be elected by the popular vote of the people

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Prohibition/Temperance ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">18th Amendment-Prohibition of intoxicating liquors; was eventually repealed by the 21st amendment - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Frances Willard- Had a great impact on the passing of the 18th amendment; Women's suffaragist

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Women’s Suffrage ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Seneca Falls Convention- Convention where they discussed women's rights; made the declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Susan B. Anthony- One of the leader's in women's suffrage; Worked for the abolition of slavery as well - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Alice Paul- Women's rights reformer; created the National Women's Party with Lucy Burns - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Carrie Chapman Catt- Created the NAWSA; urged for more democracy for women to empower them; Organized the League of Women Voters - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAWSA- Founded by Catt and Susan B Anthony; would allow women to bring their special and distinct virtues to help with societys problems - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">19th Amendment- Allowed women the right to vote in all elections in the national and local level

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">African Americans ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Booker T. Washington- African american leader who wanted equal eduacation for blacks; "Blacks need education and economic progress" - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">W.E.B. DuBois- Wrote the "Souls of Black Folk" which focused on equal rights for blacks; Was a northerner - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">NAACP- The goal was to abolish all forms of segregation of blacks; live in a society that is "equal" - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Atlanta Exposition

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Teddy Roosevelt ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Square Deal- President threatened to send troops to take over mines if they continued to stike; agreed to a 9 hour work day and a 10% wage increase - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Northern Securities Company- 400 million$ eneterprise pieced together by J.P. Morgan; Supported republican administration - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Elkins Act- The ICC had greater authority to stop railroads from granting rebates to favored customers - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Hepburn Act- The commission could fix just and resonable rates for the railroads - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Pure Food and Drug Act- Forbade the manufacture, sale, and transportation of adultered or mislabeled food or drugs - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Forest Reserve Act- Set aside 150 million acres of federal land as a national reserve that could not be sold - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Newlands Reclamation Act- Provided money from the sale of public land for irrigation projects in Western States

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: William Howard Taft ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">16th Amendment- Authorized the United States Government to collect an income tax - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Mann-Elkins Act- Gave the ICC the power to suspend new railroad rates and oversee telephone, telegraph, and cable companies - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Payne-Aldrich Act- Raised tariff on most imports into the United States; Angered many progressives

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Progressive Presidents: Woodrow Wilson ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Election of 1912- Woodrow Wilson won this election; was only the 2nd democratic president since the war - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Underwood Tariff- lowered tariffs substantially for the first time in 50 years; increased tax from 1% to 6% - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Federal Reserve Act- Americans began to use what is know as "the dollar" and has been used ever since - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Clayton Anti-Trust Act- Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act for breaking up monopolies; contained a clause exempting unions from being prosecuted as trusts - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Child Labor Act- Prohibated products made by children under 14 years old; Unconstutional in Hammer vs. Dagenhart case

**<span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Other ** - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Eugene V. Debs- - <span style="font-family: 'Century','serif'; font-size: 13pt; line-height: 115%;">Jane Addams