Nick+Grondin's+Imperial+Age+Final+Exam+Review+Page

media type="custom" key="9774282" **BIG IDEAS** //Compare and Contrast Big Stick, Dollar, and Moral Diplomacies.// //Why did the U.S feel obligated to intervene in Latin America and the Caribbean?// //What were Spain's concessions after the Spanish-American War, and what was their impact on America?// //Is the way the U.S took control of places like Hawaii, Cuba, Dominican Republic, and the Panama Canal Zone, "right"?// //** The Influence of Sea Power Upon History **//
 * ** ﻿IMPERIALISM AND U.S FORIEGN POLICY (CHAPTERS 20 AND 22.4)
 * Written by Alfred T. Mahan
 * 1890
 * Argued that all the great nations of history had extensive sea power
 * Said that the US, surrounded by two oceans, greatness would rest on its sea power
 * Motive for imperialism


 * Accquisition of Hawaii **
 * Pressure for Annexation, due to large number of US citizens dominated Hawaiian political and economic life [[image:http://kauaian.net/blog/wp-content/themes/default/images/sushi/lilio.jpg width="117" height="160" align="right" caption="Portait of Queen Liliuokalani"]]
 * 1887, US negotiates a treaty with Hawaii to open a naval base at Pearl Harbor
 * 1891, Queen Liliuokalani takes the throne of Hawaii. She challenged the American control of the islands
 * 1893, Americans living in Hawaii staged a revolution, Queen Liliuokalani gives up her authority
 * After Revoultion, a Provisional government, dominated by Americans sent a treaty of Annexation to Washington D.C
 * Finally ratified in 1898


 * Accquisition of American Samoa **
 * Almost caused a war between the US, Great Britain, and Germany
 * All agreed to act as a combined protectorate of Samoa
 * 1899, US and Germany split the land
 * US Harbor at Pago Pago

** Spanish American War **

 * US sympathy to Cuban Rebel under Spanish Rule Beginnings of Yellow Journalism
 * Joseph Pulitzer
 * William Randolph Hearst
 * "The Maine"
 * [[image:http://www.utdallas.edu/~mrankin/usweb/imagesimperial_files/image018.jpg width="371" height="265" align="right" caption="Depiction of the USS Maine Expolsion"]]Stationed in the Havana Harbor
 * Blew up days after the arrival of the de Lome Letter
 * Killed over 260
 * US citizens (with help from Yellow Press) believed Spain had blown it up
 * Started War Hysteria
 * Declared War on April 11, 1895
 * Teller Amendment- Promised to give Cuba its independence after the war
 * Called "A Splended Little War"
 * Less than five months long
 * 460 Americans died in Battle, over 5200 died of disease
 * Weakened Spanish Military
 * "mopping up" exercise
 * US had a lack supplies, inadequite uniforms, and inexpeienced troops (no major wars)
 * Heavy racial conflicts
 * Segrated units
 * While trainning in the south, they used "White-Only" facilities [[image:http://www.theodoreroosevelt.org/graph%20harv%20col/HC1x4.jpg width="268" height="157" align="right" caption="The Rough Riders Pose for a Picture"]]
 * Commander (later Admiral) Dewey's Seize of the Phillippines
 * May 1, he sailed in to Manila Bay, Phillipines, and destroyed Spanish fleet
 * One casualty (heat stroke)
 * Within months, the Spanish surrendered Manila
 * "The Rough Riders"
 * Led by Teddy Roosevelt,
 * They charged up Kettle Hill (part of San Juan Hill battle) in face fo spanish guns.
 * 100 dead or wounded
 * Armistice on August 12, 1895
 * Spain gave Cuban independence (US became protectorate), ceded Puerto Rico, Guam, and Phillippines (cost 20 million dollars)


 * The Phillippines Question **
 * US citizens were unsure of what to do with the Phillippines
 * Started formation of the Anti-Imperialist League
 * Included many famous and influenial men
 * Andrew Carnegie
 * Mark Twain
 * Samuel Gompers
 * Senator John Sherman
 * Many believed annexing hte Phillippines would bring an "inferior" asian race to the population


 * Governing the new Colonies of Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Guam, Tutuila, Cuba, Phillippines, and Other Possessions **
 * Hawaii, Alaska, and Puerto Rico all recieved territorial status, and American Citizenship.
 * The Navy took Guam and Tutuila (Pacific)
 * Many small islands with limited populations had to US government or military presence (i.e Midway, Palmyra)
 * The Cuba Story and the Platt Amendment
 * US military forces stayed in Cuba until 1902
 * Helped prepare island for independence
 * Platt Amendment
 * 1901
 * Barred Cuba from making Cuba create treaties with other countries
 * Gave USA right to intervene in Cuba to preserve independence, life and property
 * Required Cuba to permit US Naval stations within its country
 * The Phillipine War
 * Longest and most forgotten war (1898-1902)
 * 4300 died
 * Led by Emilio Aguinaldo
 * Filipino nationalist [[image:http://www.s9.com/images/portraits/386_Aguinaldo-Emilio.jpg width="136" height="157" align="right" caption="Emilio Aguinaldo"]]
 * Claimed to be head of the government
 * Guerrillas were treated as murderers
 * By 1902 Americans were sick of war
 * US wins war
 * Key was the capture of Aguinaldo in 3/1901
 * Summer of 1901, military transfers authority to future President William Howard Taft
 * He annouced that American mission would be to prepare the islands for independence

This video pretty much sums up the Open Door Policy and China better than anyone could, except Mr. Hartley himself! Click the Blue Link Above.
 * China and [|The Open Door Policy] **


 * Roosevelt's Big Stick Foriegn Policy and the Roosevelt Corrollary **[[image:http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_RMIeFF2Drjg/SnCnOVNFMOI/AAAAAAAABQM/OHQRcj0gewE/s400/Tr-bigstick-cartoon.jpg align="right" caption="'Roosevelt Corollary" Political Cartoon"]]
 * "Speak softly, but carry a big stick"
 * Roosevelt believed that a distinction existed between "civilized" and "uncivilized" nations of the world
 * Civilized=white, anglo-saxon
 * Uncivilized= non-white, latin, or slavic
 * Roosevelt believed that economic development was equally important
 * There he conisdered Japan, civilized, despite they being an asian race
 * "The Great White Fleet"
 * A fleet of 16 new battleships, painted white, sent by TR, to travel the world, but most importantly remind Japan of the might ofthe United States.
 * The "Roosevelt Corollary" to the Monroe Doctrine
 * Roosevelt asserted that the US not only had the authority to oppose European Intervention in Western Hemisphere, but also to intervene in Western Hemispheric nations' internal affairs, if those nations were unable to maintain order and sovereignity
 * In 1905, Teddy Roosevelt also mediated to end the Russo-Japanese War, again asserting the US power across the Pacific.


 * The Panama Canal Story **
 * The United States was intrested in building a canal across the isthmus of Panama (at the time part of Colombia)
 * TR sent his Secretary of State, John Hay, to negotiate an agreement that would allow construction to begin on it
 * Would have cost $10 million and a $250,000 annual rental
 * Casued outrage in Colombian Senate, who didn't ratify it
 * With help from France, the US was able to spark a revolution in Panama, which included using US military [[image:http://2.bp.blogspot.com/_UlNcc5ia4ak/TKjRc9Ro2AI/AAAAAAAAAxo/5ftG5ZzFDqo/s1600/458px-William_Howard_Taft_-_Harris_and_Ewing.jpg width="152" height="197" align="right" caption="President William Howard Taft, the 27th President of the United States"]]
 * Three day revolution ended up Panama getting their independence
 * Panamian Gov't approved original treaty
 * Canal completed in 1914


 * Taft's "Dollar Diplomacy" **
 * More concerned with economic success abroad
 * Wanted extend US investments to less developed nations
 * Intervention in Nicaragua
 * Revoultion of 1909
 * Adminstration sided with the rebels
 * Secretary of State Knox encouraged bankers to offers loans to the Nicaraguan governemnt after revoultion


 * Wilson's"Moral Diplomacy" **
 * Dominican Republic
 * Financial control from 1905-1941
 * US estabished a military government in 1916 [[image:http://www.visitingdc.com/images/woodrow-wilson-picture.jpg width="238" height="245" align="right" caption="President Woodrow Wilson, the 28th President of the United States"]]
 * Occupation for eight years
 * US troops were also used to quell a revoultion in Haiti, and helped push a Haitian Constitution in 1918
 * Bought the Danish West Indies from Denmark, renamed them the US Virgin Islands
 * Treaty with Nicaragua saying that no country but the US could ever built a canal there and that the US had the right in intervene in Nicaraguan internal affairs
 * He was not as imperialist as Roosevelt or Taft, and was not a "big stick" diplomat
 * Din't like to send troops into Latin American and Caribbean Nations

The above clip will help if you are confused.
 * [|Film Clip Discussing the Diplomacy of Presidents Taft and Wilson]**

As no questions of the Mexican Revoultion appeared on the US Foriegn Policy and Imperialism Unit Quiz, I doubt that many (if any) questions will appear on our exam. But, here is an **[|excellent film clip reguarding the Mexican Revoultion.]**
 * Mexican Revoultion and US Intervention **

One important thing about this topic is that Taft and Wilson had different ideas on how to handle the situation. Our USH book gives a somewhat confusing explaination on it on pages 617-618.

**Review Questions** Use these questions to review. Some of these questions are taken from, or are reworded versions, from the Unit Quiz. Answers are on the bottom of the page in white font. Highlight them to see the answers.

A. Mark Twain B. Jacob Riis C. William Randolph Hearst D. Thomas Paine
 * 1. Which of these famous authors was known for his "yellow journalism" encouraging Americans to support the Spanish-American War?**

A. the US had no desire to control Cuba B. the US had right to arbitrate in Venezuelan boundry disputes C. the US had the right to subdue Filipino insuurectionists D. Cuba would be a US protectorate
 * 2. The Teller Amendment said that** ..........

A. Mexican Revoultion B. The Phillippines War C. Spanish American War D. Russo-Japanese War E. Panamanian Revolt
 * 3. During this Era, the US had involvement in five semi-major, to major conflicts. Which of these was descibed as "a splended little war"?**

A. Cuban; Spanish B. Filipino; American C. Samoan; American D. American; Queen Liliuokalani's
 * 4. Emilio Aguinaldo was the leader of ............... insurgents against ............... rule.**

A. Hawaii B. Alaska C. Midway Islands D. Guam
 * 5. Which of these did the US NOT take over between 1880 and 1915?**

A. a myth about Japanese Naval Power B. a group of US battleships sent to Japan to remind them of the naval power and might of the US C. Taft's escort to Nicaragua during insurrections D. the only set of ships used in World War I
 * 6. "The Great White Fleet" was ..............****.**

A. Phillippines B. Nicaragua C. Cuba D. Colombia
 * 7. Which country did Panama (with help from the US) revolt against?**

A. //Maine// B. //Sussex// C. Flag D. Dorr Rebellion
 * 8. "Remember the .............. !"**

A. W. Wilson B. T. Roosevelt C. W.H. Harrison D. W.H. Taft
 * 9. This President was most conerned with advancing the nations economic interests over seas.**

A. Military B. Moral C. Big Stick D. Dollar
 * 10. Which type of diplomacy is illustrated/demonstrated in this politcal cartoon?**

A. Taft; Cuban B. McKinley; Spanish-American War C. McKinley; Russo-Japanese War D. Wilson; World War One
 * 11. "Second. We owe it to our citizens in Cuba to afford them that protection and indeminity for life and property..."**
 * Using your knowledge of the Imperial Age, which President said this before which war/conflict?**

Which of these Spanish **concessions** does the United States DO NOT have possesion of today? A. Puerto Rico B. Guam C. Phillippines
 * 12. WORD O' THE DAY/Imperialism question. =)**

True or False. There was a **conscription** during the Spanish-American War.
 * 13. WORD O' THE DAY/ Imperialism question. =)**

ANSWERS: 1. C, 2. A, 3. C, 4. C, 5. B, 6. B, 7. D, 8. A, 9. D, 10. C, 11. B, 12. C, 13. False